Hindustani Vocal Music (As Seen Outside India)

Contents Introduction 11 Chapter 1 History and Tradition 27 * Introduction 27 * Origin and Evolution of Indian Classical Music 28 * treaties and Scriptures 31 1. Natya Shastra by Bharat Muni 32 2. Dattilam by Dattila Muni 34 3. Naradiya Shiksha by Narada Muni 35 4. Bruddeshi by Matang Rishi 37 5. Sangeet Ratnakar by Sharang Deva 38 6. Other Treaties 39 * Creation of Two Classical Traditions 41 Chapter 2 Hindustani Vocal Music 49 * Introduction 49 * Oral Tradition in Hindustani Vocal Music 58 * The Unique Concept of Gharana 61 * The Pillars of Hindustani Music in the Modern Times 68 * Voice Techniques as Followed in Hindustani Music 78 * Preparing Voice for Hindustani Vocal Music 80 * Performance Genres of Hindustani Vocal Music 88 1. Vishnupad and Prabandh 89 2. Dhrupad 90 3. Khyal 92 4. Thumri and Dadra 92 5. Tappa 96 6. Tarana 97 7. Other Genres of Hindustani Vocal Music 122 Chapter 3 Vistar – The Concept of Improvisation 125 * Introduction 125 * The Basic Tools and Techniques of Vistar 129 * Gamaka 129 * Other Ornamentation Techniques 134 * The Concept of Badhat 136 * Types of Vistar 137 1. Alap 137 2. Bol-Alap 140 3. Taan 141 4. Bol-Taan 142 5. Surgam 142 Chapter 4 Raga, Tala and Rasa 149 * Introduction 149 * Raga 151 1. Raga – A Brief History of its Development 153 2. What is Raga? 155 3. Classification of Raga 160 4. Thata or Mela 164 5. Raga and Time Theory 168 6. Raga – In Brief 176 * Tala 176 1. Rules Governing Tala 181 2. Effect of Tala on Vocal Music 182 3. Tala and their Matra 183 4. Tala and Laya 184 5. Tala – In Brief 185 * Rasa 186 1. Concept of Rasa in Terms of Swar 195 2. Concept of Rasa in Terms of Raga 197 3. Rasa – In Brief 203 Chapter 5 Hindustani Vocal Music – A Field Study 205 * Introduction 205 Section 1 * Research Data – Questions and Answers 219 Section 2 * Interviews with the Stalwarts of Hindustani Vocal Music 264 1. Pundit Bhimsenji Joshi 265 2. Pundit Jasrajji 271 3. Dr. Prabhaji Atre 178 4. Pundit Jitendraji Abhisheki 290 5. Pundit Hridyanathji Mangeshkar 297 6. Mrs. Maliniji Rajurkar 301 7. Dr. Veenaji Sahasrabuddhe 308 Chapter 6 Hindustani Vocal Music as seen in Canada and the USA 315 * Introduction 315 Section 1 * Analysis of the Field Study and Research Data 317 Section 2 * My Own Perspective 380 A. As an Instructor and facilitator and Music 380 B. As a Music Performer 403 Chapter 7 Final Reflections 443 Bibliography 465 Index 469