Ragas in Carnatic Music

Contents Preface List of Tables Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1 Raga 2 Definition Ragas 3 Characteristics of Ragas 3 Development of Notes and Scales 4 Ancient Raga Classification 5 Grama-Murchana-Jathi System 5 Shadjagrama 8 Madhyamagrama 8 Gandharagrama 9 Classification of Ragas during and Post Matanga Period 10 Raga-Raginee Parivara System 10 2. Srutis and Svaras 13 Evolution of Srutis 13 Calculation of 22 Srutis 15 Sruti Nomenclature 23 Svaras 26 Svara Scale and its Notation 28 Vadi/ auvadi/ samvadi/ vivid svaras 29 Garamaks 29 3. Mela Classification 33 Mela ragas 33 Evolution of Mela Padhathi 34 72 Melakartha Scheme 34 Nomenclature of the 72 Melakartha Scheme 36 Melakartha Chart 37 Katapayadi Formula 40 Modal Shift of Tonic 42 Murchanakaraka Melas 42 Evolution of New Melas 43 Ashtottarasata Melas 43 Heptatonic Scale of Classification 44 4. Janya Raga Classification 49 Janya Raga Classification 49 Varjya Ragas 50 Vakra Ragas 51 Upanga Bhashanga Classification 53 Nishadantya, Dhaivatanya, Panchamantya Classification 54 Ghana, naya, desya ragas 55 Subha, chayalaga, Sankeerna Ragas 55 Karnataka desya Ragas 55 Kampita, Arbhakampita, Kampavihina Ragas 55 Graha, Nayas, jiva, amsa svaras 56 Allied Ragas 56 Ganakala tradition 57 Rasa bhava 58 Ganarasa-Navarasa Classification 60 Ragas and the appropriate rasas produced by them 60 Influnce of ragas in Man and Nature 61 5. Ragas in other Systems of Music 65 Development of ragas in Hindusthani Thaats 65 Ragas Classification in Tamil Music 71 Ragas and their equivalent Panns in Tamil Music 72 Ragas in Kathakali Music 73 Ragas in Kathakali Music and its equivalent in Karnatic Music 76 Western Music 76 6. Raga Lakshnas 81-365 Glossary of terms 367 Select Bibliography 371 Index of composer 375 Raga Index 377