SUNYA PURUSA Bauddha Vaisnavism of Orissa

CONTENTS Prologue V Acknowledgements XIX Key to Transliteration XX Introduction 1 Classical Tradition vis-à-vis Medieval Tradition 9 The Fundamentals of the Santha Tradition 11 The Santha Tradition of Orissa 17 The Task Ahead 23 Part One The Cultural Milieu 1. The Cultural Heritage of Orissa 27 2. The Jagannatha Dharma 39 The Iconography of Jagannatha 40 Origin of the Cult - The Nature of Controversy 44 3. Vaisnavism in Orissa 49 The Origin of the Cult 49 Vaisnavism and Orissa 54 The Major Trends af Vaisnavism in Orissa 57 Vedantin Vaisnavism 58 Prema-Bhakti Tradition of Sri Caitanya 62 4. Buddhism in Orissa 66 Buddhism and Orissa 66 Tantric Buddhism and Orissa 69 Uddiyana Pitha 71 Tantric Buddhism as Presented in the Santha Literature 77 Vajrayana and Jagannathism 78 An Outline of Vajrayana Philosophy 83 5. Orissan Santha Tradition 88 Bauddha Vaisnavism 90 The Santhas and their Works 93 Part Two Philosophical Concepts 6. Sunya Purusa 101 The Genesis of the Concept of Sunya 103 The Concept of Purusa and its Implications 107 Sunya Purusa and Buddha-Jagannatha 111 The Nature of Sunya Purusa 115 Sunya Purusa and Jagannatha 125 The God as Sunya 130 7. Sunya Purusa, Samsara and Jiva 134 Sunya Purusa as the Potential Womb of the Samsara 135 Sunya Purusa and Jivatman 140 The All-Pervasive Sunya 144 Layers of Sunya 147 8. Janamisra Bhakti 149 The Concept of Bhakti: Some Clarifications 150 Two Alternative Models of Vaisnavism 153 Jnana and Bhakti: The New Perspective 157 Yoga and Bhakti 164 Theory of Navadha Bhakti: A New Scheme 168 9. Panda Brahmanda Tattva 171 The Natha Cult 172 Kaya Sadhana 174 Ghata Yoga 180 Panda-Brahmanda Tattva 183 10. Srsti Tattva 187 Sunya Purusa as Sadba Brahman 191 The Idea of Panca-Visnu 197 11. Mana 199 Five Dimensions of Mind 202 12. Sudrabhava 207 The Concept of Samata 209 The Dream of a Casteless Society 212 Conclusion 216 How Vaisnavite is Bauddha Vaisnavism? 217 Santha Philosophy and Orissa 224 Appendices 229 I. Sunya Purusa vis-à-vis the Dharma Thakura of the Dharma Cult of Bengal 229 II. Buddhist Archaeological Heritage of Orissa 237 III. Sunya Purusa - Acyutananda Dasa (translator: Priyadarshi Patnaik) 246 Glossary 249 Bibliography 253 Index 261