Music and Musical Thought in Early India

Contents PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABBREVIATIONS ABOUT THE FRONTISPIECE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Music and Musical Thought Early India 1.2 The Divisions of Music 1.3 Microcosm and Macrocosm 1.4 Chronology and Source 2 THOUGHT 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Continuities of Indian Thought 2.3 Systematic Thinking 2.4 Symbolic Thinking 3 SOUND 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Division of Sound 3.3 The Theory of Sound 3.4 Sound: A Lexicon 3.5 Causal Sound: Nada 3.6 Akasa the Medium of Sound 3.7 Sound and the External World 3.8 Three Ancient Conceptions of Musical Sound 4 CHANT 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Samavedic Chant 4.2.1 The Role of Memory 4.2.2 Chironomy 4.2.3 Duration and Tempo 4.2.4 Dynamics 4.3 The Phonetic Treatises 4.4 Some Distinctive Features of Sanskrit and Their Musical Consequence 4.5 Narada's Siksa and the Organization of Musical Pitch 4.6 Milieu 5 THEATER 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Natyasastra 5.3 The Preliminary Rituals 5.4 The Incidental Musics 5.5 Instruments 5.6 Epilogue 6 SASTRA 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Musical Scholarship 6.3 Musical Discourse 6.4 The Language of Musical Speculation 6.5 Notations 7 PITCH 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Gamut and its Tuning 7.3 Philosophical Arguments on Sruti and Svara 7.4 The Gamut and its Variables 7.5 Sonance 7.6 The Tanas 7.7 Melodic Choices 7.8 The Concept of Raga 8 TIME 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Idea of Time in Ancient India 8.3 Tala 8.4 Chironomy 8.5 Rhythmic Patterns 8.6 The Concept of State 8.7 Timing 8.8 The Desi Talas 8.9 The Influence of Metrics 8.10 The Rhythms of Indian Music 9 FORM 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Formal Archetypes 9.2.1 The Human Body 9.2.2 Organic Growth 9.2.3 Ritual 9.2.4 Creation 9.3 Formal Components 9.4 Formal Tactics 9.4.1 Upobana 9.4.2 Upavartana 9.4.3 Prastara 9.5 Ritual Forms 9.6 Minor Forms 10 SONG 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Prabandhas 10.3 Song Forms 10.4 A Garland of Song 10.5 Expansion of the Genre 10.6 Cultural Mapping 10.7 The Theory and Practice of Song 11 STYLE 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Gender 11.3 Qualifications 11.4 Gunas and Dosas 11.5 The Qualities of Musical Sound 11.6 Style as a Composite 11.7 Levels of Ornamentation 11.8 Rasa 11.9 The Values of Indian Music 12 AFTERTHOUGHTS NOTES GLOSSARY OF SANSKRIT TERMS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX TABLES 1 The Six Orthodox Systems of Indian Philosophy 2 The Forms of the Atman according to the Matri Upanisad 3 Two Perspective on Sound Production, according to the Krama System of Kashmir Shaivism 4 The Twenty-Five Mute Consonants of Sanskrit 5 Three Ancient Conceptions of Musical Sound 6 The Sanskrit Morphophonemes 7 The Seven Svaras 8 Correspondence to the Seven Svaras 9 The ganaElas as a Cultural Map of Medieval Indian song 10 Coordinates of Style from Matanga's Brbaddesi 11 Coordinates of Musical Style in the Sangitaratnakara