Music In Valmiki’s Ramayana

Contents Preface 6 Introduction 12 CHAPTER 1 Context 16 History of Sanskrit Kavya and the Ramayana Traditional Tenets of Indian Music i) References ii) Nada iii) Sruti iv) Svara v) Grama vi) Murchana vii) Jati viii) Raga Period of the Ramayana i) Introduction ii) Indian Perspective The Vedic Literature Panini’s Astadhyayi Mahabharata Other Sanskrit Literature Internal Evidences iii) Conclusion Adikavi and the Adikavya The Beginning The Feeling Anustup Anustup of the Ramayana Samgita The Music of the Ramayana CHAPTER II VOCAL MUSIC AND MUSICAL (TECHNICAL) TENETS WITH REFERENCE TO THE RAMAYANA 40 1. (a) Vedic Sacrifices and Chanting of Vedic Hymns (b) Vedic Chanting in the Ramayana 2. Technical Tenets of Music in the Ramayana (a) Marga (b) Gandharva (c) Sthana (d) Karana (e) Murchana (f) Jati (g) Laya and Tala CHAPTER III MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH REFERENCE TO THE RAMAYANA 60 1. Vadya (Musical Instruments) (a) Introduction (b) Utility of Musical Instruments 2. Classification of Musical Instruments: (a) Tata (b) Avanaddha (c) Susira (d) Ghana 3. Musical Instruments in the Ramayana 4. Classification of Musical Instruments Mentioned in the Ramayana 5. Tata Vadya (String Instruments) (a) Etymology (b) Ethmology of Vina, Vipanci and Vallaki (c) Tata Vadya in the Ramayana 6. Avanaddha Vadya (Rhythm Instruments) (a) Genesis (b) Dundubhi Dundubhi in the Ramayana (c) Mrdamga Mrdamga in the Ramayana (d) Pataha Pataha in the Ramayana (e) Panava Panava in the Ramayana (f) Bheri Bheri in the Ramayana (g) Dindima, Adambara, Celika, Madduka Dindima, Adambara, Celika, Madduka in the Ramayana 7. Susira Vadya (Wind Instruments) (a) Etymology (b) Susira Instruments mentioned in the Veda and Ancient Treatises (1) Vamsi (2) Samkha (3) Turya (c) Susira Instruments in the Ramayana: Samkha and Turya 8. Ghana Vadya (Percussion instruments made of metal) Ghana Instruments in the Ramayana CHAPTER IV THE CULTURAL BACKDROP OF MUSIC INT EH RAMAYANA - ERA 90 (a) Gandharva and Apsara: The Celestial Musicians (b) Gandharva and Apsara in the Ramayana (c) Music in the Society (1) Professional Singers: Suta, Magadha and Bandin (2) Nata, Nartaka, Nata-nartakasamgha, Vadhu-natakasamgha (3) Royal Patronage (4) Training CHAPTER V Music in Nature 100 Conclusion 108 APPENDIX I 116 Influence of the Ramayana on the Music and Culture of the Subcontinent Appendix II Selected References of Music in the Valmiki-Ramayana Appendix III Definitions of (Technical) Musical Terms APPENDIX IV Additional References Bibliography 136 Sanskrit | Hindi | English