Philosophic Foundation of Ayurveda

Contents Chapter 1 Foundational Ideas of Ayurveda General Introduction 1 A Brief note on Caraka Samhita 2 A Brief note on Susruta Samhita 6 Necessity of Philosophical Ideas in Health Science 8 Profeciency in Art & Science of Health 9 Top Priority to Consumate Knowledge in Ayurveda 10 How Ayurveda Became Gradually Systemised & Codified 13 Chapter 2 Ayurveda & Nyaya Philosophy Introduction 15 It's Application in Rogavijnana 15 It's Application in Svasthavrtta 15 Its Application in Cikitsa 15 It's Application in Dravyaguna 15 Pramana of Nyaya Philosophy as Found in Ayurveda 16 Fourfold Examination (Pariksa) in Ayurveda 16 Aptopadesa Scope of Aptopadesa in Understanding 17 Who is Apta? 18 Importance of Aptopadesa 18 Pratyaksa Definition of Pratyaksa 18 Factors Conditioning the Pratyaksa 19 Pratyaksa Pariksa: A critical View 19 Applied Aspects of Direct Perceptions 19 1. Darsanendriya pariksa 21 2. Sparsanendriya pariksa 24 3. Sravanendriya pariksa 24 4. Rasanendriya pariksa 25 5. Ghranendriya pariksa 27 Anumana Pariksa It's Application in Ayurveda 27 Law of Karma: Concept of Rebirth 28 The Power of Jatharagni 29 Role of Anumana in Clinical Medicine 29 Yukti Pariksa (A Unique Pariksa [pramana] in Ayurveda) Yukti is Different from Anumana 31 Definition of Yukti 31 Necessity of Yukti as a special Pariksa 32 Meaning of Trivarga in the Definition of Yukti 33 Vadamargapadas Necessity of Vada & Vadamargapadas 33 Three Steps to Obtain Deep Knowledge 34 Importance of Debate, Discussion etc. 34 Principles of Tadvidya-sambhasa 34 Classification of Professional Discussion 35 Hostile Discussion 35 Qualities of Participants in Discussion 35 Types of Assembly 36 44 Logical Terms (Vadamargapadas) Required in Discussion 36 Type of Debate 38 Enumeration of Vadamargapadas Foundation 47 Conclusion 49 Tantrayukti (Principles of Documentation) Meaning of Tantrayukti 51 Tantrayukti & Vadamargapadas 51 Enumeration of Tantrayukti 52 Tantradosas 53 Characters of Good Text 53 Epilogue 54 Chapter 3 Ayurveda & Vaisesika Philosophy Introduction 55 Trisutra Ayurveda 55 Padarthas of Vaisesika Darsana 55 Kayra-Karana Siddhanta 56 Karanas (Padarthas) of Vaisesika Darsana 57 Samanya-Nirupana 57 (Generic concomitance) Visesa-Nirupana 58 (Opposite of Samanya) Guna-Nirupana 60 (Properties, Qualities, Character) Classifition of Gunas 60 (A) Sabdadi (Darthadi) Guna 61 Formation of Mahabhuta from Tanmatra 63 Tanmatra : In the Formation of Mahabhutas 63 -Sabda guna 64 -Sparsa guna 64 -Rupa guna 65 -Rasa guna 65 -Gandha guna 69 (B) Gurvadi gunas 70 Gurvadi gunas & Their Applied Aspects 70 Additional Gunas as per Susruta 74 Gunas: A Comperative Reflection 74 Gunas in Ayurveda & Vaisesika Philosophy 75 (C) Buddhyadi gunas 77 (D) Paradi gunas 77 Dravya-Nirupana 81 (Material) Definition of Karya dravya 81 Classification of Karya dravya 82 Classification of Drugs 82 Classification of Karana dravyas 85 Panca Tanmatra 85 Khadini stand for Tanmatra ? An Alternate View 85 Atma-Nirupana 87 (i) Ekadhatvatmaka Purusa: Parama Atma 87 (ii) Ativahika Sarirayukta Atma 88 Sprk Sarirayukta Atma 88 Transmigration Process 89 Synonyms of Bhutatma 90 (iii) Sthulasariragata Atma & Karmapurusa 90 Purusa in Bhagavadgita 90 Difference between Karmapurusa & the other Two 93 Birth-rebirth Cycle vis-à-vis Karma Theory 95 Salvation in Ayurveda 95 Sthula Sarira 96 Role of Mind in Process of Birth-rebirth cycle 96 Mano-Nirupana Mind as a Karana (Instrument) 97 Bhautika Composition of Mind 97 Synonyms of Mind 97 Importance of Mind & its Objects 97 Attributes of Mind 98 Functions of Mind 98 Mind is a Seat of Diseases 99 Manasa Dosa & Diseases 99 Inter-relation of Physique & Psyche 99 Examination of Sattva of Patient 99 Mental Constitution as described in Ayurveda 99 Necessity of Study of Mind in Ayurveda 101 Sattvasara Purusa ? A Person with Strong Mind 101 Assessment of Mental Power 102 Pravara-sattva 102 Madhyama-sattva 102 Avara-sattva 102 Jatismara ? Recollection of Past Life 103 Age & Mental Development 103 Physical Diseases & Psychic Cause 104 Psychic Factors : Cause of Health & Ill-health 104 Psychic Features in Somatic Diseases 105 Psychic Disorders 105 Role of Mind in Health & Ill-health 106 Prajnaparadha ? Basically a Psychic Cause 106 Role of Nidra (sleep) in Health & Ill-health 107 Dreams in Health & Ill-health 107 Determinants of Psychic Temperament 107 Mental Disorder & Their Treatment 108 Management of Diseases : Phychic Therapy 108 Kala-Nirupana It's Application in Ayurveda 110 Some Example of Kala (Time) 111 Division of Time & Applied Aspects 118 Unit of Time in Susruta Samhita: -Aksinimesa 119 -Kastha 119 -Kala 119 -Muhurta 119 -Ahoratra (A day) 120 -Paksa (A fortnight) 121 -Masa (A month) 122 -Rtu (2 months) 123 -Ayana (6 months) 125 -Samvatsara (A year) 126 -Yuga 127 Other Time Factor 129 Pathogenic Stages of Treatments 130 Dik-Nirupana Applied Aspects in Ayurveda: A Critical Analysis 130 Epilogue on Karana Dravyas 133 Karma-Nirupana (Action) Applied Aspects : A Critical View 133 Reflection on the Definition of Karma 134 Classification of Karma 135 -Prayatnadi Karma 135 -Trividha karma 135 -Pancakarma 135 -Dravya karma 135 -Sastra karma 136 -Prajnaparadhaja karma 136 -Papa karma 137 Past Deeds (Law of karma in Ayurveda) 137 Samavaya-Nirupana A Critical Analysis 137 Epilogue 139 Chapter 4 Ayurveda & Sankhya Philosophy Introduction 140 Meaning of Sankhya 141 Historical Perspective of Sankhya 141 A Notable Difference in Terminology, Reflection thereon 142 Ayurveda ? Unisoul Theory 143 Unisoul Theory ? Supreme Consciousness 143 Three types of Purusa 145 The Process of Evolution 146 The Logic Behind the Existence of Conscious Element 146 Conscious is Actionless 147 Mind is Consciousless 148 Consciousness Associated with Mind 148 Chemistry of Garbhatma (Animated soul) 150 Sad-dhatu Purusa ? A Critical View 150 Synonyms of Conscious Element 150 Micro-macro Cosmic Unity ? A Unique Concept of Health Science 151 Satkaryavada in Ayurveda ? Analytical Study 152 Parinamavada ? Meaning & It's Application 154 Trividha Duhkha ? An Ayurvedic View 154 Sankhya Philosophy in Susruta Samhita 156 A Comparative Study of Caraka & Susruta in Relation to Sankhya Philosopy 157 Epilogue 158 Chapter 5 Ayurveda & Yoga Philosophy Introduction 160 Meaning of Yoga 160 Yoga in Ayurveda ? A Reflection 161 Trsna 161 Measure to attain Citta-suddhi ? Ayurvedic View 162 Cittavrtti ? It's Applied Aspect in Ayurveda 163 Isvara ? 26th Tattva 164 Disease & Mind 164 Epilogue 164 Chapter 6 Ayurveda & Mimamsa Philosophy Introduction 166 Meaning of Mimamsa 166 Two sections of Vedic Knowledge 167 Samaya ? Science of Terminology 167 Applied Aspect of Yajnika Samaya 169 Applied Mimamsa in Ayurveda 169 Yaga and Pumsavana Samskara 170 Epilogue 171 Chapter 7 Ayurveda & Vedanta Philosophy Introduction 179 Pancamahabhuta 179 Foetal Development & Pancamahabhuta 179 Skin Colour & Mahabhutas 180 Bodily Elements & Pancamahabhuta 180 Bhautika Classification of Bodily Elements 181 Influence on Bioenergies 182 Influence on Digestion & Metabolism 182 Mechanism of Formation of Dravya 183 Six Tastes & Pancamahabhuta 183 Marmas (Vital points) & Pancamahabhuta 184 Epilogue 186