Water and Air Effluents Treatment Handbook

Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end use. These can include use as drinking water, industrial processes, medical and many other uses. The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end use. Water quality analytical techniques are considered in the context of EEC directives on the quality of the aquatic control of all effluents is entering it. The principal methods of water analysis are reviewed and it indicated in view of destructive and hazardous role of pollution, it become necessary that the very nature of atmosphere, the various air effluent are present there to save the environment from the harmful effect. Effluent can be treated in different ways, it is classified as; preliminary treatment, primary treatment, secondary treatment and complete final treatment. Waste water obtained from industries is generally much more polluted than the domestic or even commercial waste water. Industrial wastewater cannot be always treated easily by the normal methods of treating domestic waste waters. Depending on the quantum, concentration, toxicity and presence of non biodegradable organics in an industrial wastewater, its treatment may consist of any one or more processes such as equalization, neutralization, physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. The atmosphere contains hundreds of air pollutants from natural or from anthropogenic sources. All such pollutants are called primary pollutants for example; sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead etc. Secondary pollutants are the chemical substances, which are produced from the chemical reactions of primary pollutants or due to their oxidation etc. A high growth in vehicle population brings in its wake urban air pollution problems unless timely appropriate steps to control vehicle emissions are under taken. Some of the fundamentals of the book are quality and characteristics of effluents, collection of sewage samples for physical and, chemical testing, disposing of effluents, disposal of wastewaters in lakes and management of lake waters, disposal of sewage effluents on land for irrigation, classification of treatment processes, treatment of industrial effluents, methods of treating industrial wastewaters, strategies for management of industrial wastes, combined industrial municipal wastes, a process for upgrading paper mill effluent by water hyacinth, ventilation for controlling indoor air pollution, the environment and its pollution, disposal of environmentally hazardous radioactive effluents and biomedical wastes, air pollution, its control and monitoring, fuels from waste etc. This book is an effort to put together the various options available to meet the water and air effluent available for the environmental protection. The book presents a concise but through an overview of state of technology for water and air effluent treatment. The water and air effluent treatments are organized into chapters by broad problem area, treatment of industrial effluent, industrial waste management, etc. This will be helpful to technocrats, consultants, educators, architects, industry executive, students and others concerned with saving environment problem.